Group deliberations that are orderly, systematic, and thorough help people reach high-quality decisions. Problem-solving groups can use a variety of methods to achieve their goals.

Reflective Thinking and Problem Solving
The approach we recommend for most problem-solving groups is a modification of the reflective-thinking technique first proposed by John Dewey in 191O. This systematic approach has, defining the problem, generating potential solutions, evaluating solution options,
developing a plan of action, and evaluating the results.

Defining the Problem. Sometimes the problem assigned to a group is only a symptom of the actual problem. All problem-solving groups should take time to define the problem carefully before looking for a solution. The following guidelines can help in defining the problem:

• a Describe the problem as specifically as possible.

• a Explore the causes of the problem.

• a Consider the history of the problem.

• a Determine who is affected by the problem.

• a Decide whether you have the information needed to understand the problem. If you do not, obtain this information.

Generating Potential Solutions, Once a group has defined the problem, members can work on generating solutions. Brainstorming encourages members to identify a variety of possible solutions so that the group is aware of its options. The procedure works best in groups with twelve or fewer members.
While brainstorming, members should adhere to the following rules:
a Feel free to present any ideas they have, no matter how outrageous
these may seem. Even an outlandish notion may provide the basis for
an eventual solution.
a The more ideas generated, the better.
a Criticism is out of place during the brainstorming process. Nothing
should inhibit creativity.
a Consider whether any ideas might be combined to produce additional
options.